This
story was updated at 5:03 p.m.
The
independent blue-ribbon panel that reviewed NASA's plans to replace its space
shuttles said Thursday that the agency should consider using commercial
vehicles to help achieve its goal, and perhaps nix the new Ares I rocket slated
to fly future astronauts.
In a
155-page report entitled "Seeking a Human Spaceflight Program Worthy of a
Great Nation," the 10-member committee expanded on the five
potential options it drew up over the summer for NASA's human spaceflight
future, including more detail and data to be reviewed by President Barack
Obama.
Committee
chairman Norman Augustine, former CEO of Lockheed Martin, said NASA's plan to
replace the space shuttle fleet with capsule-based Orion spacecraft and Ares I
rockets a prototype of which is poised to
launch Oct. 27 suffers from a lack of funding so severe the agency may
now have the wrong vehicle for its mission.
NASA's
stated vision for human spaceflight is to retire its space shuttle fleet around
2010 and replace them with Orion spacecraft, to be launched on Ares I rockets
by around 2015 at the earliest. A larger Ares V rocket would launch heavy cargo
and lunar landers into orbit to support new manned missions to
the moon by 2020.
But after a
series of summer meetings, Augustine's committee found that NASA needs a budget
boost that would inject ultimately up to $3 billion by 2014 to fund NASA's
plan. The stated five-year gap between the 2010 shuttle retirement and first
manned Orion flights is likely to stretch to at least seven-years, with any
effort to reach the moon or elsewhere likely to come in the early or mid-2020s,
the committee found.
Some of the
five basic options put forth by the committee include internal variants that
offer a wider selection for President Obama to choose from. They include potential
trips
to nearby asteroids, trips that fly to but don't land on the moon, and a
mission to explore moons of Mars. Several options do away with the Ares I
rocket altogether.
At the
heart of the NASA's challenges has been funding, the committee said. In 2005, when
NASA tapped the Ares I rocket to launch Orion, it did so under budget
projections that ultimately did not materialize.
"It
was right at the time, but times have changed," said committee member
Edward Crawley, an MIT professor.
Crawley
said there are no fundamental technical concerns facing the Ares I rocket that
NASA could not surmount given time and money. But the agency is slim on both
commodities. It is spelled out starkly in the committee's final report.
"With
time and sufficient funds, NASA could develop, build and fly the Ares I
successfully," the report states. "The question is, should it?"
Commercial
spacecraft, spurred on by up to $5 billion in incentives from NASA, could
provide the access to low-Earth orbit needed in the short-term after the
shuttle fleet retires, and perhaps do so within the seven-year gap, the
committee's report said.
"As we
move from the complex, reusable shuttle back to a simpler, smaller capsule, it
is appropriate to consider turning these transport services over to the
commercial sector," the committee wrote in its report.
NASA
already plans to use commercial spacecraft to supply cargo to the International
Space Station, but a push to use similar services to ferry astronauts to and
from the orbiting lab should have new incentives and perhaps a new competition,
the committee wrote.
The final
report also included more detail on the drawbacks of extending the space
shuttle program beyond 2011, as well as extending the International Space
Station's life through 2020. NASA will likely not be able to complete its sixth
remaining mission to finish assembly of the space station until 2011, the
committee said.
Extending
the shuttle program beyond that, and lengthening the service life of the space
station which is currently slated to be deorbited in 2016 would
require funding that could be used to build and fly new Ares and Orion
spacecraft to orbit, the moon or elsewhere, the committee said.
Despite the
challenges facing NASA and the future of the U.S. space program, the committee
said the Obama administration has a chance to revitalize the American space
program.
"The
opportunity now exists to provide for the future human spaceflight program
worthy of a great nation," the report stated.
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